This relationship was improved by correcting area by island elevation, indicating that mountainous islands had the richest faunas, potentially due to high cloud interception that feeds freshwater environments favoring the establishment of aquatic fauna. A relationship between distance and the number of families was observed supporting the premises of the Theory of island Biogeography. Diptera was the order of insects with the highest taxonomic richness. The family Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) was the most abundant, followed by Chironomidae (Diptera). Other macroinvertebrates such as Palaemonid shrimps, Hidrachnida and Oligochaeta were also collected.

A total of 455 individuals were collected belonging to 20 taxa (mostly identified to genus level) from 15 families of aquatic insects. Additionally, a comparison with other islands in the Eastern Tropical Pacific was conducted to determine the most important factors controlling the diversity in Tropical Pacific islands. Physicochemical parameters were determined in 13 study sites. Tank bromeliads or phytotelmata were also examined for aquatic macroinvertebrates. Freshwater macroinvertebrate fauna was collected in 20 sites covering three rivers (Genio, Chatam and Sucio) and two creeks (Minuto and an unnamed creek behind the park rangers' house).

it was declared National Park in 1978 and a World Heritage by UNESCO in 1997. This 24 km2 island is surrounded by a protected marine area of 9640 km2. Cocos Island is an oceanic island in the Eastern Pacific, at 496km from Cabo Blanco, Costa Rica. GutiГѓВ©rrez-Fonseca, Pablo E RamГѓВrez, Alonso UmaГѓВ±a, Gerardo Springer, MonikaДЇreshwater macroinvertebrates from Cocos Island, Costa Rica: species and comparison with other islands of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. As the demand for freshwater grows, new monitoring and research efforts will be needed to (1) characterize the extent and sustainability of ground-water resources on different tropical Pacific islands, (2) better understand linkages between ground-water discharge and freshwater and nearshore ecosystems, and (3) prepare for the effects of climate change, which will likely include the loss of habitable land and reduced areas for the accumulation of ground water as a result of rising sea levels. The aim of this Circular is to give members of the public, policymakers, and other stakeholders knowledge that will help ensure that this information can be used to make informed decisions about the management of these life-giving resources. Geological Survey (USGS) and other organizations about the ground-water resources of tropical Pacific islands. Much scientific information has been collected by the U.S. Faced with a growing demand for this valuable resource, and the potential negative effects on its availability and quality from changes in global climate, increasingly sophisticated management approaches will be needed to ensure a dependable supply of freshwater for the residents of these islands. Ground water is the main source of drinking water on many islands, and for quite a few islands, it is the only reliable source of water throughout the year. On these islands, freshwater is one of the most precious resources. Closer scrutiny reveals that their generally small size makes them particularly vulnerable to economic and environmental stresses imposed by rapidly growing populations, increasing economic development, and global climate change.

To a casual observer, tropical Pacific islands seem idyllic. Ground Water on Tropical Pacific Islands - Understanding a Vital Resource Ecological effects of dams on tropical islands can be dramatic, because the vast majority of native stream faunas (fishes, shrimps, and snails) migrate between freshwater and saltwater during. The combination of human population growth, increased water usage, and limited groundwater resources often leads to extensive damming of rivers and streams on tropical islands. Damming Tropical Island Streams: Problems, Solutions, and Alternatives.

Cousin cousine 1975 streaming